Archivo:Archivo:C59F5EBB-A2F5-498C-8CB3-AE05AC29D7FA.jpeg
Proyecto Final: Juego de la Serpiente Roja
Título	Proyecto Final: Juego de la Serpiente Roja
Tipo de Proyecto	Proyecto de Taller
Palabras Clave	objetoeducativo
Período	2022-2022
Asignatura	Interacción y Performatividad
Del Curso	Interacción y Performatividad 2022
Carreras	Diseño
Alumno(s)	Stephany Rojas, María Ignacia Santander Serrano, Ignacia Farías, Danae Weinstein
Profesor	Renzo Varela
Juego de la Serpiente Roja

Este proyecto consta en replicar el clásico juego de la serpiente, juego que consiste en una serpiente que se mueve para comer y cada vez que lo logra se alarga. El juego no se puede detener y se pierde cuando la serpiente choca consigo misma.
Imágenes del Juego

Planos del Juego

Materiales

Para esto utilizamos un software Arduino y un hardware compuesto por una protoboard de 830 puntos y un Arduino uno que se mantienen escondidos dentro de la caja para no distraer el juego. Además, se necesita un joystick (que controla el movimiento del juego), un potenciómetro (que controla la velocidad) y una matriz led de 8x8 (pantalla donde se visualiza el juego), todo esto se vinculaba a través de cables macho-hembra y se conectada al computador, donde están los códigos, a través de un cable USB.
La Interacción

El juego comienza con la aparición de la serpiente, esta uno la controla de arriba, abajo, izquierda y derecha con el joystick que se encuentra en la esquina inferior derecha. Una vez que se domina el juego se le suma dificultad al juego agregando velocidad a través de la rotación del potenciómetro que se encuentra atrás de la caja.
Video del Funcionamiento del Juego

Código para la Programación

#include "LedControl.h" // LedControl library is used for controlling a LED matrix. Find it using Library Manager or download zip here: https://github.com/wayoda/LedControl


// --------------------------------------------------------------- //
// ------------------------- user config ------------------------- //
// --------------------------------------------------------------- //

// there are defined all the pins
struct Pin {
  static const short joystickX = A2;   // joystick X axis pin
  static const short joystickY = A3;   // joystick Y axis pin
  static const short joystickVCC = 15; // virtual VCC for the joystick (Analog 1) (to make the joystick connectable right next to the arduino nano)
  static const short joystickGND = 14; // virtual GND for the joystick (Analog 0) (to make the joystick connectable right next to the arduino nano)

  static const short potentiometer = A5; // potentiometer for snake speed control

  static const short CLK = 10;   // clock for LED matrix
  static const short CS  = 11;  // chip-select for LED matrix
  static const short DIN = 12; // data-in for LED matrix
};

// LED matrix brightness: between 0(darkest) and 15(brightest)
const short intensity = 6;

// lower = faster message scrolling
const short messageSpeed = 5;

// initial snake length (1...63, recommended 3)
const short initialSnakeLength = 3;


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);  // set the same baud rate on your Serial Monitor
  initialize();         // initialize pins & LED matrix
  calibrateJoystick(); // calibrate the joystick home (do not touch it)
  showSnakeMessage(); // scrolls the 'snake' message around the matrix
}


void loop() {
  generateFood();    // if there is no food, generate one
  scanJoystick();    // watches joystick movements & blinks with food
  calculateSnake();  // calculates snake parameters
  handleGameStates();

  // uncomment this if you want the current game board to be printed to the serial (slows down the game a bit)
  // dumpGameBoard();
}





// --------------------------------------------------------------- //
// -------------------- supporting variables --------------------- //
// --------------------------------------------------------------- //

LedControl matrix(Pin::DIN, Pin::CLK, Pin::CS, 1);

struct Point {
  int row = 0, col = 0;
  Point(int row = 0, int col = 0): row(row), col(col) {}
};

struct Coordinate {
  int x = 0, y = 0;
  Coordinate(int x = 0, int y = 0): x(x), y(y) {}
};

bool win = false;
bool gameOver = false;

// primary snake head coordinates (snake head), it will be randomly generated
Point snake;

// food is not anywhere yet
Point food(-1, -1);

// construct with default values in case the user turns off the calibration
Coordinate joystickHome(500, 500);

// snake parameters
int snakeLength = initialSnakeLength; // choosed by the user in the config section
int snakeSpeed = 1; // will be set according to potentiometer value, cannot be 0
int snakeDirection = 0; // if it is 0, the snake does not move

// direction constants
const short up     = 1;
const short right  = 2;
const short down   = 3; // 'down - 2' must be 'up'
const short left   = 4; // 'left - 2' must be 'right'

// threshold where movement of the joystick will be accepted
const int joystickThreshold = 160;

// artificial logarithmity (steepness) of the potentiometer (-1 = linear, 1 = natural, bigger = steeper (recommended 0...1))
const float logarithmity = 0.4;

// snake body segments storage
int gameboard[8][8] = {};




// --------------------------------------------------------------- //
// -------------------------- functions -------------------------- //
// --------------------------------------------------------------- //


// if there is no food, generate one, also check for victory
void generateFood() {
  if (food.row == -1 || food.col == -1) {
    // self-explanatory
    if (snakeLength >= 64) {
      win = true;
      return; // prevent the food generator from running, in this case it would run forever, because it will not be able to find a pixel without a snake
    }

    // generate food until it is in the right position
    do {
      food.col = random(8);
      food.row = random(8);
    } while (gameboard[food.row][food.col] > 0);
  }
}


// watches joystick movements & blinks with food
void scanJoystick() {
  int previousDirection = snakeDirection; // save the last direction
  long timestamp = millis();

  while (millis() < timestamp + snakeSpeed) {
    // calculate snake speed exponentially (10...1000ms)
    float raw = mapf(analogRead(Pin::potentiometer), 0, 1023, 0, 1);
    snakeSpeed = mapf(pow(raw, 3.5), 0, 1, 10, 1000); // change the speed exponentially
    if (snakeSpeed == 0) snakeSpeed = 1; // safety: speed can not be 0

    // determine the direction of the snake
    analogRead(Pin::joystickY) < joystickHome.y - joystickThreshold ? snakeDirection = up    : 0;
    analogRead(Pin::joystickY) > joystickHome.y + joystickThreshold ? snakeDirection = down  : 0;
    analogRead(Pin::joystickX) < joystickHome.x - joystickThreshold ? snakeDirection = left  : 0;
    analogRead(Pin::joystickX) > joystickHome.x + joystickThreshold ? snakeDirection = right : 0;

    // ignore directional change by 180 degrees (no effect for non-moving snake)
    snakeDirection + 2 == previousDirection && previousDirection != 0 ? snakeDirection = previousDirection : 0;
    snakeDirection - 2 == previousDirection && previousDirection != 0 ? snakeDirection = previousDirection : 0;

    // intelligently blink with the food
    matrix.setLed(0, food.row, food.col, millis() % 100 < 50 ? 1 : 0);
  }
}


// calculate snake movement data
void calculateSnake() {
  switch (snakeDirection) {
    case up:
      snake.row--;
      fixEdge();
      matrix.setLed(0, snake.row, snake.col, 1);
      break;

    case right:
      snake.col++;
      fixEdge();
      matrix.setLed(0, snake.row, snake.col, 1);
      break;

    case down:
      snake.row++;
      fixEdge();
      matrix.setLed(0, snake.row, snake.col, 1);
      break;

    case left:
      snake.col--;
      fixEdge();
      matrix.setLed(0, snake.row, snake.col, 1);
      break;

    default: // if the snake is not moving, exit
      return;
  }

  // if there is a snake body segment, this will cause the end of the game (snake must be moving)
  if (gameboard[snake.row][snake.col] > 1 && snakeDirection != 0) {
    gameOver = true;
    return;
  }

  // check if the food was eaten
  if (snake.row == food.row && snake.col == food.col) {
    food.row = -1; // reset food
    food.col = -1;

    // increment snake length
    snakeLength++;

    // increment all the snake body segments
    for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
      for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
        if (gameboard[row][col] > 0 ) {
          gameboard[row][col]++;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // add new segment at the snake head location
  gameboard[snake.row][snake.col] = snakeLength + 1; // will be decremented in a moment

  // decrement all the snake body segments, if segment is 0, turn the corresponding led off
  for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
    for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
      // if there is a body segment, decrement it's value
      if (gameboard[row][col] > 0 ) {
        gameboard[row][col]--;
      }

      // display the current pixel
      matrix.setLed(0, row, col, gameboard[row][col] == 0 ? 0 : 1);
    }
  }
}


// causes the snake to appear on the other side of the screen if it gets out of the edge
void fixEdge() {
  snake.col < 0 ? snake.col += 8 : 0;
  snake.col > 7 ? snake.col -= 8 : 0;
  snake.row < 0 ? snake.row += 8 : 0;
  snake.row > 7 ? snake.row -= 8 : 0;
}


void handleGameStates() {
  if (gameOver || win) {
    unrollSnake();

    showScoreMessage(snakeLength - initialSnakeLength);

    if (gameOver) showGameOverMessage();
    else if (win) showWinMessage();

    // re-init the game
    win = false;
    gameOver = false;
    snake.row = random(8);
    snake.col = random(8);
    food.row = -1;
    food.col = -1;
    snakeLength = initialSnakeLength;
    snakeDirection = 0;
    memset(gameboard, 0, sizeof(gameboard[0][0]) * 8 * 8);
    matrix.clearDisplay(0);
  }
}


void unrollSnake() {
  // switch off the food LED
  matrix.setLed(0, food.row, food.col, 0);

  delay(800);

  // flash the screen 5 times
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    // invert the screen
    for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
      for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
        matrix.setLed(0, row, col, gameboard[row][col] == 0 ? 1 : 0);
      }
    }

    delay(20);

    // invert it back
    for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
      for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
        matrix.setLed(0, row, col, gameboard[row][col] == 0 ? 0 : 1);
      }
    }

    delay(50);

  }


  delay(600);

  for (int i = 1; i <= snakeLength; i++) {
    for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
      for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
        if (gameboard[row][col] == i) {
          matrix.setLed(0, row, col, 0);
          delay(100);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


// calibrate the joystick home for 10 times
void calibrateJoystick() {
  Coordinate values;

  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    values.x += analogRead(Pin::joystickX);
    values.y += analogRead(Pin::joystickY);
  }

  joystickHome.x = values.x / 10;
  joystickHome.y = values.y / 10;
}


void initialize() {
  pinMode(Pin::joystickVCC, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(Pin::joystickVCC, HIGH);

  pinMode(Pin::joystickGND, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(Pin::joystickGND, LOW);

  matrix.shutdown(0, false);
  matrix.setIntensity(0, intensity);
  matrix.clearDisplay(0);

  randomSeed(analogRead(A5));
  snake.row = random(8);
  snake.col = random(8);
}


void dumpGameBoard() {
  String buff = "\n\n\n";
  for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
    for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
      if (gameboard[row][col] < 10) buff += " ";
      if (gameboard[row][col] != 0) buff += gameboard[row][col];
      else if (col == food.col && row == food.row) buff += "@";
      else buff += "-";
      buff += " ";
    }
    buff += "\n";
  }
  Serial.println(buff);
}





// --------------------------------------------------------------- //
// -------------------------- messages --------------------------- //
// --------------------------------------------------------------- //

const PROGMEM bool snakeMessage[8][56] = {
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};

const PROGMEM bool gameOverMessage[8][90] = {
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};

const PROGMEM bool scoreMessage[8][58] = {
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
  {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
};

const PROGMEM bool digits[][8][8] = {
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}
  },
  {
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0},
    {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}
  }
};


// scrolls the 'snake' message around the matrix
void showSnakeMessage() {
  [&] {
    for (int d = 0; d < sizeof(snakeMessage[0]) - 7; d++) {
      for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
        delay(messageSpeed);
        for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
          // this reads the byte from the PROGMEM and displays it on the screen
          matrix.setLed(0, row, col, pgm_read_byte(&(snakeMessage[row][col + d])));
        }
      }

      // if the joystick is moved, exit the message
      if (analogRead(Pin::joystickY) < joystickHome.y - joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickY) > joystickHome.y + joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) < joystickHome.x - joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) > joystickHome.x + joystickThreshold) {
        return; // return the lambda function
      }
    }
  }();

  matrix.clearDisplay(0);

  // wait for joystick co come back
  while (analogRead(Pin::joystickY) < joystickHome.y - joystickThreshold
          || analogRead(Pin::joystickY) > joystickHome.y + joystickThreshold
          || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) < joystickHome.x - joystickThreshold
          || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) > joystickHome.x + joystickThreshold) {}

}


// scrolls the 'game over' message around the matrix
void showGameOverMessage() {
  [&] {
    for (int d = 0; d < sizeof(gameOverMessage[0]) - 7; d++) {
      for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
        delay(messageSpeed);
        for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
          // this reads the byte from the PROGMEM and displays it on the screen
          matrix.setLed(0, row, col, pgm_read_byte(&(gameOverMessage[row][col + d])));
        }
      }

      // if the joystick is moved, exit the message
      if (analogRead(Pin::joystickY) < joystickHome.y - joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickY) > joystickHome.y + joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) < joystickHome.x - joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) > joystickHome.x + joystickThreshold) {
        return; // return the lambda function
      }
    }
  }();

  matrix.clearDisplay(0);

  // wait for joystick co come back
  while (analogRead(Pin::joystickY) < joystickHome.y - joystickThreshold
          || analogRead(Pin::joystickY) > joystickHome.y + joystickThreshold
          || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) < joystickHome.x - joystickThreshold
          || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) > joystickHome.x + joystickThreshold) {}

}


// scrolls the 'win' message around the matrix
void showWinMessage() {
  // not implemented yet // TODO: implement it
}


// scrolls the 'score' message with numbers around the matrix
void showScoreMessage(int score) {
  if (score < 0 || score > 99) return;

  // specify score digits
  int second = score % 10;
  int first = (score / 10) % 10;

  [&] {
    for (int d = 0; d < sizeof(scoreMessage[0]) + 2 * sizeof(digits[0][0]); d++) {
      for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
        delay(messageSpeed);
        for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
          if (d <= sizeof(scoreMessage[0]) - 8) {
            matrix.setLed(0, row, col, pgm_read_byte(&(scoreMessage[row][col + d])));
          }

          int c = col + d - sizeof(scoreMessage[0]) + 6; // move 6 px in front of the previous message

          // if the score is < 10, shift out the first digit (zero)
          if (score < 10) c += 8;

          if (c >= 0 && c < 8) {
            if (first > 0) matrix.setLed(0, row, col, pgm_read_byte(&(digits[first][row][c]))); // show only if score is >= 10 (see above)
          } else {
            c -= 8;
            if (c >= 0 && c < 8) {
              matrix.setLed(0, row, col, pgm_read_byte(&(digits[second][row][c]))); // show always
            }
          }
        }
      }

      // if the joystick is moved, exit the message
      if (analogRead(Pin::joystickY) < joystickHome.y - joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickY) > joystickHome.y + joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) < joystickHome.x - joystickThreshold
              || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) > joystickHome.x + joystickThreshold) {
        return; // return the lambda function
      }
    }
  }();

  matrix.clearDisplay(0);

  //  // wait for joystick co come back
  //  while (analogRead(Pin::joystickY) < joystickHome.y - joystickThreshold
  //          || analogRead(Pin::joystickY) > joystickHome.y + joystickThreshold
  //          || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) < joystickHome.x - joystickThreshold
  //          || analogRead(Pin::joystickX) > joystickHome.x + joystickThreshold) {}

}


// standard map function, but with floats
float mapf(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max) {
  return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}